[CTF/Dreamhack] web-misconf-1

web-misconf-1

 

 

 

문제 설명

 

 

 

 

문제 풀이

 

서버를 생성하고 들어가면 아래와 같은 화면을 볼 수 있다. 

 

 

 

다운로드 받은 파일로 들어가 defaults.ini 파일을 확인해준다.

파일이 너무 길어서 login을 검색해보았는데 별 소득이 없어서 password를 검색해보니 뭔가 의미있는 걸 찾은 것 같다.

초기 아이디와 비밀번호 설정이 admin/ admin이라는 것 같다.

 

 

 

admin / admin을 입력하니 password를 변경하라는 창이 떴다. 일단 무시하고 넘어가준다.

 

 

 

 

스킵하고 넘어오니 이런 창이 뜨는 걸 볼 수 있다. 

 

 

 

 

여기저기 막 뒤져보다가 문제를 다시 확인해보니 Organization에 플래그를 설정해두었다고 했다.

Organization이 있는 건 Server Admin밖에 없었고 Settings를 잘 살펴보니 플래그를 찾을 수 있었다!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

항상 플래그도 의미있지만 재미있게 짓는 것 같아서 신기하다...

 

전체파일 확인

##################### Grafana Configuration Defaults #####################
#
# Do not modify this file in grafana installs
#

# possible values : production, development
app_mode = production

# instance name, defaults to HOSTNAME environment variable value or hostname if HOSTNAME var is empty
instance_name = ${HOSTNAME}

#################################### Paths ###############################
[paths]
# Path to where grafana can store temp files, sessions, and the sqlite3 db (if that is used)
data = data

# Temporary files in `data` directory older than given duration will be removed
temp_data_lifetime = 24h

# Directory where grafana can store logs
logs = data/log

# Directory where grafana will automatically scan and look for plugins
plugins = data/plugins

# folder that contains provisioning config files that grafana will apply on startup and while running.
provisioning = conf/provisioning

#################################### Server ##############################
[server]
# Protocol (http, https, h2, socket)
protocol = http

# The ip address to bind to, empty will bind to all interfaces
http_addr =

# The http port to use
http_port = 3000

# The public facing domain name used to access grafana from a browser
domain = localhost

# Redirect to correct domain if host header does not match domain
# Prevents DNS rebinding attacks
enforce_domain = false

# The full public facing url
root_url = %(protocol)s://%(domain)s:%(http_port)s/

# Serve Grafana from subpath specified in `root_url` setting. By default it is set to `false` for compatibility reasons.
serve_from_sub_path = false

# Log web requests
router_logging = false

# the path relative working path
static_root_path = public

# enable gzip
enable_gzip = false

# https certs & key file
cert_file =
cert_key =

# Unix socket path
socket = /tmp/grafana.sock

#################################### Database ############################
[database]
# You can configure the database connection by specifying type, host, name, user and password
# as separate properties or as on string using the url property.

# Either "mysql", "postgres" or "sqlite3", it's your choice
type = sqlite3
host = 127.0.0.1:3306
name = grafana
user = root
# If the password contains # or ; you have to wrap it with triple quotes. Ex """#password;"""
password =
# Use either URL or the previous fields to configure the database
# Example: mysql://user:secret@host:port/database
url =

# Max idle conn setting default is 2
max_idle_conn = 2

# Max conn setting default is 0 (mean not set)
max_open_conn =

# Connection Max Lifetime default is 14400 (means 14400 seconds or 4 hours)
conn_max_lifetime = 14400

# Set to true to log the sql calls and execution times.
log_queries =

# For "postgres", use either "disable", "require" or "verify-full"
# For "mysql", use either "true", "false", or "skip-verify".
ssl_mode = disable

ca_cert_path =
client_key_path =
client_cert_path =
server_cert_name =

# For "sqlite3" only, path relative to data_path setting
path = grafana.db

# For "sqlite3" only. cache mode setting used for connecting to the database
cache_mode = private

#################################### Cache server #############################
[remote_cache]
# Either "redis", "memcached" or "database" default is "database"
type = database

# cache connectionstring options
# database: will use Grafana primary database.
# redis: config like redis server e.g. `addr=127.0.0.1:6379,pool_size=100,db=0,ssl=false`. Only addr is required. ssl may be 'true', 'false', or 'insecure'.
# memcache: 127.0.0.1:11211
connstr =

#################################### Data proxy ###########################
[dataproxy]

# This enables data proxy logging, default is false
logging = false

# How long the data proxy should wait before timing out default is 30 (seconds)
timeout = 30

# If enabled and user is not anonymous, data proxy will add X-Grafana-User header with username into the request, default is false.
send_user_header = false

#################################### Analytics ###########################
[analytics]
# Server reporting, sends usage counters to stats.grafana.org every 24 hours.
# No ip addresses are being tracked, only simple counters to track
# running instances, dashboard and error counts. It is very helpful to us.
# Change this option to false to disable reporting.
reporting_enabled = true

# Set to false to disable all checks to https://grafana.com
# for new versions (grafana itself and plugins), check is used
# in some UI views to notify that grafana or plugin update exists
# This option does not cause any auto updates, nor send any information
# only a GET request to https://grafana.com to get latest versions
check_for_updates = true

# Google Analytics universal tracking code, only enabled if you specify an id here
google_analytics_ua_id =

# Google Tag Manager ID, only enabled if you specify an id here
google_tag_manager_id =

#################################### Security ############################
[security]
# disable creation of admin user on first start of grafana
disable_initial_admin_creation = false

# default admin user, created on startup
admin_user = admin

# default admin password, can be changed before first start of grafana, or in profile settings
admin_password = admin

# used for signing
secret_key = SW2YcwTIb9zpOOhoPsMm

# disable gravatar profile images
disable_gravatar = false

# data source proxy whitelist (ip_or_domain:port separated by spaces)
data_source_proxy_whitelist =

# disable protection against brute force login attempts
disable_brute_force_login_protection = false

# set to true if you host Grafana behind HTTPS. default is false.
cookie_secure = false

# set cookie SameSite attribute. defaults to `lax`. can be set to "lax", "strict", "none" and "disabled"
cookie_samesite = lax

# set to true if you want to allow browsers to render Grafana in a <frame>, <iframe>, <embed> or <object>. default is false.
allow_embedding = false

# Set to true if you want to enable http strict transport security (HSTS) response header.
# This is only sent when HTTPS is enabled in this configuration.
# HSTS tells browsers that the site should only be accessed using HTTPS.
# The default will change to true in the next minor release, 6.3.
strict_transport_security = false

# Sets how long a browser should cache HSTS. Only applied if strict_transport_security is enabled.
strict_transport_security_max_age_seconds = 86400

# Set to true if to enable HSTS preloading option. Only applied if strict_transport_security is enabled.
strict_transport_security_preload = false

# Set to true if to enable the HSTS includeSubDomains option. Only applied if strict_transport_security is enabled.
strict_transport_security_subdomains = false

# Set to true to enable the X-Content-Type-Options response header.
# The X-Content-Type-Options response HTTP header is a marker used by the server to indicate that the MIME types advertised
# in the Content-Type headers should not be changed and be followed. The default will change to true in the next minor release, 6.3.
x_content_type_options = false

# Set to true to enable the X-XSS-Protection header, which tells browsers to stop pages from loading
# when they detect reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. The default will change to true in the next minor release, 6.3.
x_xss_protection = false


#################################### Snapshots ###########################
[snapshots]
# snapshot sharing options
external_enabled = true
external_snapshot_url = https://snapshots-origin.raintank.io
external_snapshot_name = Publish to snapshot.raintank.io

# Set to true to enable this Grafana instance act as an external snapshot server and allow unauthenticated requests for
# creating and deleting snapshots.
public_mode = false

# remove expired snapshot
snapshot_remove_expired = true

#################################### Dashboards ##################

[dashboards]
# Number dashboard versions to keep (per dashboard). Default: 20, Minimum: 1
versions_to_keep = 20

#################################### Users ###############################
[users]
# disable user signup / registration
allow_sign_up = false

# Allow non admin users to create organizations
allow_org_create = false

# Set to true to automatically assign new users to the default organization (id 1)
auto_assign_org = true

# Set this value to automatically add new users to the provided organization (if auto_assign_org above is set to true)
auto_assign_org_id = 1

# Default role new users will be automatically assigned (if auto_assign_org above is set to true)
auto_assign_org_role = Viewer

# Require email validation before sign up completes
verify_email_enabled = false

# Background text for the user field on the login page
login_hint = email or username
password_hint = password

# Default UI theme ("dark" or "light")
default_theme = dark

# External user management
external_manage_link_url =
external_manage_link_name =
external_manage_info =

# Viewers can edit/inspect dashboard settings in the browser. But not save the dashboard.
viewers_can_edit = false

# Editors can administrate dashboard, folders and teams they create
editors_can_admin = false

[auth]
# Login cookie name
login_cookie_name = grafana_session

# The lifetime (days) an authenticated user can be inactive before being required to login at next visit. Default is 7 days.
login_maximum_inactive_lifetime_days = 7

# The maximum lifetime (days) an authenticated user can be logged in since login time before being required to login. Default is 30 days.
login_maximum_lifetime_days = 30

# How often should auth tokens be rotated for authenticated users when being active. The default is each 10 minutes.
token_rotation_interval_minutes = 10

# Set to true to disable (hide) the login form, useful if you use OAuth
disable_login_form = false

# Set to true to disable the signout link in the side menu. useful if you use auth.proxy
disable_signout_menu = false

# URL to redirect the user to after sign out
signout_redirect_url =

# Set to true to attempt login with OAuth automatically, skipping the login screen.
# This setting is ignored if multiple OAuth providers are configured.
oauth_auto_login = false

# limit of api_key seconds to live before expiration
api_key_max_seconds_to_live = -1

#################################### Anonymous Auth ######################
[auth.anonymous]
# enable anonymous access
enabled = false

# specify organization name that should be used for unauthenticated users
org_name = DH{THIS_IS_FAKE_FLAG}

# specify role for unauthenticated users
org_role = Viewer

#################################### Github Auth #########################
[auth.github]
enabled = false
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = some_id
client_secret = some_secret
scopes = user:email,read:org
auth_url = https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize
token_url = https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token
api_url = https://api.github.com/user
allowed_domains =
team_ids =
allowed_organizations =

#################################### GitLab Auth #########################
[auth.gitlab]
enabled = false
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = some_id
client_secret = some_secret
scopes = api
auth_url = https://gitlab.com/oauth/authorize
token_url = https://gitlab.com/oauth/token
api_url = https://gitlab.com/api/v4
allowed_domains =
allowed_groups =

#################################### Google Auth #########################
[auth.google]
enabled = false
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = some_client_id
client_secret = some_client_secret
scopes = https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email
auth_url = https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth
token_url = https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token
api_url = https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/userinfo
allowed_domains =
hosted_domain =

#################################### Grafana.com Auth ####################
# legacy key names (so they work in env variables)
[auth.grafananet]
enabled = false
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = some_id
client_secret = some_secret
scopes = user:email
allowed_organizations =

[auth.grafana_com]
enabled = false
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = some_id
client_secret = some_secret
scopes = user:email
allowed_organizations =

#################################### Generic OAuth #######################
[auth.generic_oauth]
name = OAuth
enabled = false
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = some_id
client_secret = some_secret
scopes = user:email
email_attribute_name = email:primary
email_attribute_path =
role_attribute_path =
auth_url =
token_url =
api_url =
allowed_domains =
team_ids =
allowed_organizations =
tls_skip_verify_insecure = false
tls_client_cert =
tls_client_key =
tls_client_ca =

#################################### SAML Auth ###########################
[auth.saml] # Enterprise only
# Defaults to false. If true, the feature is enabled
enabled = false

# Base64-encoded public X.509 certificate. Used to sign requests to the IdP
certificate =

# Path to the public X.509 certificate. Used to sign requests to the IdP
certificate_path =

# Base64-encoded private key. Used to decrypt assertions from the IdP
private_key =

# Path to the private key. Used to decrypt assertions from the IdP
private_key_path =

# Base64-encoded IdP SAML metadata XML. Used to verify and obtain binding locations from the IdP
idp_metadata =

# Path to the SAML metadata XML. Used to verify and obtain binding locations from the IdP
idp_metadata_path =

# URL to fetch SAML IdP metadata. Used to verify and obtain binding locations from the IdP
idp_metadata_url =

# Duration, since the IdP issued a response and the SP is allowed to process it. Defaults to 90 seconds
max_issue_delay = 90s

# Duration, for how long the SP's metadata should be valid. Defaults to 48 hours
metadata_valid_duration = 48h

# Friendly name or name of the attribute within the SAML assertion to use as the user's name
assertion_attribute_name = displayName

# Friendly name or name of the attribute within the SAML assertion to use as the user's login handle
assertion_attribute_login = mail

# Friendly name or name of the attribute within the SAML assertion to use as the user's email
assertion_attribute_email = mail

#################################### Basic Auth ##########################
[auth.basic]
enabled = true

#################################### Auth Proxy ##########################
[auth.proxy]
enabled = false
header_name = X-WEBAUTH-USER
header_property = username
auto_sign_up = true
# Deprecated, use sync_ttl instead
ldap_sync_ttl = 60
sync_ttl = 60
whitelist =
headers =
enable_login_token = false

#################################### Auth LDAP ###########################
[auth.ldap]
enabled = false
config_file = /etc/grafana/ldap.toml
allow_sign_up = true

# LDAP backround sync (Enterprise only)
# At 1 am every day
sync_cron = "0 0 1 * * *"
active_sync_enabled = true

#################################### SMTP / Emailing #####################
[smtp]
enabled = false
host = localhost:25
user =
# If the password contains # or ; you have to wrap it with triple quotes. Ex """#password;"""
password =
cert_file =
key_file =
skip_verify = false
from_address = admin@grafana.localhost
from_name = Grafana
ehlo_identity =

[emails]
welcome_email_on_sign_up = false
templates_pattern = emails/*.html

#################################### Logging ##########################
[log]
# Either "console", "file", "syslog". Default is console and file
# Use space to separate multiple modes, e.g. "console file"
mode = console file

# Either "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "critical", default is "info"
level = info

# optional settings to set different levels for specific loggers. Ex filters = sqlstore:debug
filters =

# For "console" mode only
[log.console]
level =

# log line format, valid options are text, console and json
format = console

# For "file" mode only
[log.file]
level =

# log line format, valid options are text, console and json
format = text

# This enables automated log rotate(switch of following options), default is true
log_rotate = true

# Max line number of single file, default is 1000000
max_lines = 1000000

# Max size shift of single file, default is 28 means 1 << 28, 256MB
max_size_shift = 28

# Segment log daily, default is true
daily_rotate = true

# Expired days of log file(delete after max days), default is 7
max_days = 7

[log.syslog]
level =

# log line format, valid options are text, console and json
format = text

# Syslog network type and address. This can be udp, tcp, or unix. If left blank, the default unix endpoints will be used.
network =
address =

# Syslog facility. user, daemon and local0 through local7 are valid.
facility =

# Syslog tag. By default, the process' argv[0] is used.
tag =

#################################### Usage Quotas ########################
[quota]
enabled = false

#### set quotas to -1 to make unlimited. ####
# limit number of users per Org.
org_user = 10

# limit number of dashboards per Org.
org_dashboard = 100

# limit number of data_sources per Org.
org_data_source = 10

# limit number of api_keys per Org.
org_api_key = 10

# limit number of orgs a user can create.
user_org = 10

# Global limit of users.
global_user = -1

# global limit of orgs.
global_org = -1

# global limit of dashboards
global_dashboard = -1

# global limit of api_keys
global_api_key = -1

# global limit on number of logged in users.
global_session = -1

#################################### Alerting ############################
[alerting]
# Disable alerting engine & UI features
enabled = true
# Makes it possible to turn off alert rule execution but alerting UI is visible
execute_alerts = true

# Default setting for new alert rules. Defaults to categorize error and timeouts as alerting. (alerting, keep_state)
error_or_timeout = alerting

# Default setting for how Grafana handles nodata or null values in alerting. (alerting, no_data, keep_state, ok)
nodata_or_nullvalues = no_data

# Alert notifications can include images, but rendering many images at the same time can overload the server
# This limit will protect the server from render overloading and make sure notifications are sent out quickly
concurrent_render_limit = 5

# Default setting for alert calculation timeout. Default value is 30
evaluation_timeout_seconds = 30

# Default setting for alert notification timeout. Default value is 30
notification_timeout_seconds = 30

# Default setting for max attempts to sending alert notifications. Default value is 3
max_attempts = 3

# Makes it possible to enforce a minimal interval between evaluations, to reduce load on the backend
min_interval_seconds = 1

#################################### Explore #############################
[explore]
# Enable the Explore section
enabled = true

#################################### Internal Grafana Metrics ############
# Metrics available at HTTP API Url /metrics
[metrics]
enabled              = true
interval_seconds     = 10
# Disable total stats (stat_totals_*) metrics to be generated
disable_total_stats = false

#If both are set, basic auth will be required for the metrics endpoint.
basic_auth_username =
basic_auth_password =

# Send internal Grafana metrics to graphite
[metrics.graphite]
# Enable by setting the address setting (ex localhost:2003)
address =
prefix = prod.grafana.%(instance_name)s.

#################################### Grafana.com integration  ##########################
[grafana_net]
url = https://grafana.com

[grafana_com]
url = https://grafana.com

#################################### Distributed tracing ############
[tracing.jaeger]
# jaeger destination (ex localhost:6831)
address =
# tag that will always be included in when creating new spans. ex (tag1:value1,tag2:value2)
always_included_tag =
# Type specifies the type of the sampler: const, probabilistic, rateLimiting, or remote
sampler_type = const
# jaeger samplerconfig param
# for "const" sampler, 0 or 1 for always false/true respectively
# for "probabilistic" sampler, a probability between 0 and 1
# for "rateLimiting" sampler, the number of spans per second
# for "remote" sampler, param is the same as for "probabilistic"
# and indicates the initial sampling rate before the actual one
# is received from the mothership
sampler_param = 1
# Whether or not to use Zipkin span propagation (x-b3- HTTP headers).
zipkin_propagation = false
# Setting this to true disables shared RPC spans.
# Not disabling is the most common setting when using Zipkin elsewhere in your infrastructure.
disable_shared_zipkin_spans = false

#################################### External Image Storage ##############
[external_image_storage]
# Used for uploading images to public servers so they can be included in slack/email messages.
# You can choose between (s3, webdav, gcs, azure_blob, local)
provider =

[external_image_storage.s3]
endpoint =
path_style_access =
bucket_url =
bucket =
region =
path =
access_key =
secret_key =

[external_image_storage.webdav]
url =
username =
password =
public_url =

[external_image_storage.gcs]
key_file =
bucket =
path =

[external_image_storage.azure_blob]
account_name =
account_key =
container_name =

[external_image_storage.local]
# does not require any configuration

[rendering]
# Options to configure a remote HTTP image rendering service, e.g. using https://github.com/grafana/grafana-image-renderer.
# URL to a remote HTTP image renderer service, e.g. http://localhost:8081/render, will enable Grafana to render panels and dashboards to PNG-images using HTTP requests to an external service.
server_url =
# If the remote HTTP image renderer service runs on a different server than the Grafana server you may have to configure this to a URL where Grafana is reachable, e.g. http://grafana.domain/.
callback_url =

[panels]
# here for to support old env variables, can remove after a few months
enable_alpha = false
disable_sanitize_html = false

[plugins]
enable_alpha = false
app_tls_skip_verify_insecure = false

[enterprise]
license_path =

[feature_toggles]
# enable features, separated by spaces
enable =